Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 9 Articles
Canine dirofilariosis is a life-threatening parasitic disease that is increasingly reported worldwide. Once diagnosed the main\ntreatment goals are to improve the animal�s clinical condition and to eliminate all life stages of the parasite with minimal\npost treatment side effects. This can be achieved through mechanical, surgical, or chemo therapeutical approaches.Currently,manual\nextraction is the preferred method to remove adult heartworms due to its diminished invasiveness, reduced damage to the vascular\nendothelium, and shortened anaesthesia duration. However, it remains an expensive technique that can be highly traumatic. To\naddress this issue, a nontraumatic homemade catheter-guided snare was developed for heart worm removal by adapting and folding\na 0.014-inch coronary wire (BMW, Abbott Vascular). Transvenous heart worm extraction was performed on a dog severely infected\nwith adult heartworms by inserting the modified snare into a 6-F Judkins right coronary guiding catheter BMW (Cordis) and\nadvancing it into the right ventricle under fluoroscopic guidance. Fifteen adult specimens of Dirofilaria immitis were successfully\nextracted from the pulmonary artery and right ventricle without complications. To assure the death of both larvae and adults,\npostoperative treatment was successfully managed using ivermectin, doxycycline, and melarsomine, with no recurrence after\nsurgery....
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes major problems for the swine industry worldwide.\nDue to Austria�s central location in Europe, a large number of animals are transported through the country.\nHowever, little is known about current PRRSV strains and epidemiology. We determined full-length genome\nsequences of two Austrian field isolates (AUT13-883 and AUT14-440) from recent PRRSV outbreaks and of a related\nGerman isolate (GER09-613). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains belong to European genotype 1 subtype\n1 and form a cluster together with a South Korean strain. Remarkably, AUT14-440 infected the simian cell line MARC-\n145 without prior adaptation. In addition, this isolate showed exceptional deletions in nonstructural protein 2, in the\noverlapping region of glycoprotein 3 and 4 and in the 3� untranslated region. Both Austrian isolates caused similar\nlung lesions but only pigs infected with AUT14-440 developed clear clinical signs of infection. Taken together, the\ngenetic and biological characterization of two novel Austrian PRRSV field isolates revealed similarities to East Asian\nstrains. This stresses the necessity for a more detailed analysis of current PRRSV strains in Europe beyond the determination\nof short ORF5 and ORF7 sequences....
The aim of this study was to investigate the period of estrus cycle in aceh cattle, Indonesia, based on vaginal cytology techniques.\nFour healthy females of aceh cattle with average weight of 250ââ?¬â??300 kg, age of 5ââ?¬â??7 years, and body condition score of 3-4 were\nused. All cattle were subjected to ultrasonography analysis for the occurrence of corpus luteum before being synchronized using\nintramuscular injections of PGF2 alpha 25 mg. A vaginal swab was collected from aceh cattle, stained with Giemsa 10%, and\nobserved microscopically. Period of estrus cycle was predicted from day 1 to day 24 after estrus synchronization was confirmed\nusing ultrasonography analysis at the same day. The result showed that parabasal, intermediary, and superficial epithelium were\nfound in the vaginal swabs collected from proestrus, metestrus, and diestrus aceh cattle. Proportions of these cells in the particular\nperiod of estrus cycle were 36.22, 32.62, and 31.16 (proestrus); 21.33, 32.58, and 46.09 (estrus); 40.75, 37.58, and 21.67 (metestrus);\nand 41.07, 37.38, and 21.67 (diestrus), respectively. In conclusion, dominant proportion of superficial cell that occurred in estrus\nperiod might be used as the base for determining optimal time for insemination...
Moraxella bovoculi is a recently described bacterium that is associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)\nor ââ?¬Å?pinkeyeââ?¬Â in cattle. In this study, closed circularized genomes were generated for seven M. bovoculi isolates: three\nthat originated from the eyes of clinical IBK bovine cases and four from the deep nasopharynx of asymptomatic cattle.\nIsolates that originated from the eyes of IBK cases profoundly differed from those that originated from the nasopharynx\nof asymptomatic cattle in genome structure, gene content and polymorphism diversity and consequently placed\ninto two distinct phylogenetic groups. These results suggest that there are genetically distinct strains of M. bovoculi\nthat may not associate with IBK....
The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of equine resveratrol supplement (equithrive jointTM) on\ninflammatory indices in ageing and lame horses. 16 horses of both sexes aged 18Ã?±0.65 years, showing lameness\ngrade 3 were used for the study. The horses weighed 350-450 kg and were randomly assigned to treated and\nuntreated groups comprising 8 horses each. Treated group were administered with resveratrol supplement for 4\nweeks while the untreated group were given only Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain used as carrier in the\nsupplement. Blood samples were collected from each animal before supplementation on week 0 and then weekly for\nfour weeks of supplementation. Markers of inflammation consisting of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFÃ?±),\nerythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), haematocrit level and serum protein concentration were determined by\nstandard methods. Equithrive joint TM supplementation reduced significantly (pÃ?â??0.05) the values of TNF-Ã?±\nconcentration, ESR and serum protein in the treated horses compare with the controls. The haematocrit level was\nsignificantly (pÃ?â??0.05) higher in treated horses compared with the controls. It was concluded that equithrive joint TM\nis a potent anti-inflammatory agent capable of reducing inflammatory mediators and thereby enabling horses move\nwith ease particularly during ageing....
Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is frequently implicated in human foodborne Salmonella infections and\noften produces more severe clinical disease than other serotypes. Livestock and poultry products represent a potential risk for\ntransmission to humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 49 S. Heidelberg veterinary isolates for exponential growth rate\n(EGR), PFGE pattern, and antimicrobial resistance to evaluate these parameters asmechanisms by which S. Heidelberg emerged as\na virulent foodborne pathogen. Isolates were categorized by species of origin; clinical or environmental sources; and time frame of\nrecovery.Growth rates were determined in nutrient media using serial dilutions and colony counts; PFGE was performed according\nto the CDC PulseNet protocol. Minimum inhibitory concentration and susceptibility determinations were performed against\nantimicrobials important in human medicine. Eighteen unique PFGE patterns were detected in the isolates tested. Antimicrobial\nresistance was significantly greater (...
Cryptosporidium is one of the causes of diarrhoeal illness in man and animals worldwide.The aim of the study was to determine\nthe prevalence and risk factors associated with faecal shedding of Cryptosporidium oocysts in dogs in FCT Abuja, Nigeria. A total\nof 276 dog faecal samples were examined using Modified Acid Fast (MAF) technique and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay\n(ELISA). Fifteen (5.4%) and 51 (18.5%) out of the 276 dog faecal samples examined were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts\nand coproantigens, respectively. There was a fair agreement (0.371) between the two tests used in this study. The prevalence of\nCryptosporidium infection was highest in 4 dogs (21.0%) between 3 and 9 months of age. Ten diarrhoeic dogs (30.3%) and 31\ndogs from rural settlements were more infected (22.46%) with Cryptosporidium oocysts. There was statistical association between\nprevalence of Cryptosporidium and confinement of dogs (OR = 0.41; 95% CI on OR: 0.21 < OR < 0.80). However, there was no\nstatistical association (...
Neoplastic disease is common in pet birds, particularly in psittacines, and treatment should be primarily aimed at tumor eradication.\nNineteen cases of pet birds submitted to diagnostic and/or therapeutic surgical procedures due to neoplastic disease characterized\nby the presence of visible masses were retrospectively analyzed; affected species, types of neoplasms and respective locations, and\noutcomes of surgical procedures were determined. All birds undergoing surgery belonged to the order Psittaciformes; the Blue fronted\nparrot (Amazona aestiva) was the prevalent species. Lipoma was the most frequent neoplasm in the sample studied. Most\nneoplasms affected the integumentary system, particularly the pericloacal area. Tumor resection was the most common surgical\nprocedure performed, with high resolution and low recurrence rates....
Recurrent cystitis was diagnosed in a three month old, crossbred Ongole bull calf. Calf was presented to the clinic with history of passing turbid urine, anorexia and abdominal pain. Microbial cultures of the mid stream urine, yielded Staphylococci sp. and which was sensitive for the amoxicillin, cloxacillin, cephalexin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. Calf was treated with amoxicillin and cloxacillin for period of two weeks along with supportive therapy....
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